Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Only a few things are certain. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [40] Barton-Ford gave a description of Wallie Ford, and described him as a Caucasian New Zealander. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. [52] One theory postulated is that Fard was of Afghan heritage. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. Maybe he was deported after that hearing. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. ." They claim Wallace Dodd Ford was not Wallace Fard Muhammad. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. He told his followers that they were not Americans and therefore owed no allegiance to the American flag and could refuse to serve in its military. He was ultimately forced to leave Detroit because of an allegation that he encouraged one of his followers to engage in a ritual of human sacrifice. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. Fard, 2017, by A.K. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). Two sons of Elijah Muhammad have variously identified him either as an Ahmadiyyah missionary from Pakistan, a position supported by Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, or as an Arab of "Turko-Persian" origins, a view offered by Akbar Muhammad. Turner, Richard Brent. Black Muslims He lived In Los Angeles. ." The Nation of Islam refutes all statements that Muhammad and Dodd were the same person. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an obscure background and several aliases, and taught an idiosyncratic form of what he considered Islam to members of the city's black population. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. [20] Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. Islam in the African AmericanExperience. [12], Fard taught a form of black exceptionalism and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during the Great Northward Migration at a time when old ideas of scientific racism were prevalent. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. The ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only; as the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader . "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. April 15, 2022. WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. A fully equipped kitchen is available with all of the cooking essentials including a Keurig coffee maker w/coffee and hot cocoa. A 1920 birth record for a boy named Wallace Max Ford born in Los Angeles lists his father as Wallace Ford, who was born in New Zealand, and his mother as Hazel Barton. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. Contemporary American Religion. MSN Weather tracks it all, from precipitation predictions to severe weather warnings, air quality updates, and even wildfire alerts. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. ", Fard used the name "W. F. Muhammad" on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). Karriem cited a quotation from a book entitled Secret Rituals of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, authored by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad, which read, The believer must be stabbed through the heart. This quote, as well as another stating, Every son of Islam must gain a victory from a devil. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! 5 (54) And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. . He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. I taught him some lessons. [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. There is No God but ALLAH. Although I'm inclined to believe the official story that he simply fled the country after coming under heat from the police. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! 2 as its headquarters. One member of the group, later declared mentally insane, allegedly participated in "human sacrifice" in 1932 in an effort to follow lessons regarding the sacrifice of devils. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); Via e-mail, I asked Claude Andrew Clegg III, author of another Elijah Muhammad biography, An Original Man, to give me his take on the controversy. 1962. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. 1960. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. Four years later, in 1963, they issued another story to a Los Angeles-based newspaper that claimed Ford and Fard were, in fact, the same person. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. 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