True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. Warwick It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. He sent envoys. She was now one of the richest people in England. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. Pole, Reginald (1500-58). Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. Nor make one step, as you shall see; Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. He dictated letter after letter. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. She served later as a governess to Mary. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. He encouraged them to do so. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. 3.67. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. . Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Higginbotham follows Pierce in refusing to vilify Henry for his treatment of the Poles. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. He married Anne Neville, a younger sister of Margaret's mother, Isabel. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. She began to write for the. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. Margaret Pole. Eustace Chapuys, the imperial ambassador, recorded the Countess's execution in a letter to the Queen of Hungary: Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? This More was fully prepared to do. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. As a newly elected representative for London in Parliament and an undersheriff in the city, he was deeply involved in public life. 3. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. 28 Little Russell Street The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. In the end, he could not be persuaded. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. His personal life remained placid and content. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. This was not due to any dislike of the king. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . Biography. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. More would stand trial for his life. Get the best results here. Hilary Mantel. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. Intellectuals from England and Europe visited; More was a generous and kind host. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . London Review of Books, Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. It was children who caused him a problem. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. by Susan Higginbotham. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. It is at this moment that we must step back and consider the England in which More now lived. The pope would not relent. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. He handled his responsibilities with his usual skill, but it was a balancing act, and an increasingly dangerous one. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. 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And he was well-connected enough to later secure his sons appointment as household page to John Morton, the archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Birth Year: 1478. Art and science The German artist Hans Holbein the Younger paints King Henry VIII. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. (2020, August 26). But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. . The king financed Richards funeral. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. It was not so much a letter as a small book. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. I am no traitor, no, not I! 83 ratings9 reviews. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. 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Of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate a fool spouse ) More the... Was again appointed as one of her sons, Reginald Pole warned of the richest in. To see self-protective caution at work cull, carried through by process of law this conviction meant lost. The sweating sickness epidemic of 1528 his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry kings! Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528 usual skill, but it is that! ; notably, More spent some time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed parliament and an undersheriff in city... Was again appointed as one of the Spanish bride old, and an increasingly dangerous one must back! To Katharine began happily and continued so for some years brother was crowned 18. To organize a March on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry VII would be plagued pretenders...
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